Births are up 20% since 2001, increasing from 14,427 to 17,423 in 2011. [265], Birmingham New Street is the busiest railway station in the UK outside London, both for passenger entries/exits and for passenger interchanges. [107], Birmingham's ten parliamentary constituencies are represented in the House of Commons as of 2020[update] by two Conservative and eight Labour MPs. Updates? The differences are most marked in the oldest age group reflecting greater female longevity, where more women were 70 or over. The Alexandra Theatre and the Birmingham Hippodrome host large-scale touring productions, while professional drama is performed on a wide range of stages across the city, including the Crescent Theatre, the Custard Factory, the Old Joint Stock Theatre, the Drum in Aston and the mac in Cannon Hill Park. Birmingham is drained only by minor rivers and brooks, … Winners' Chapel also maintains physical presence in Digbeth. The development of Birmingham into a significant urban and commercial centre began in 1166, when the Lord of the Manor Peter de Bermingham obtained a charter to hold a market at his castle, and followed this with the creation of a planned market town and seigneurial borough within his demesne or manorial estate, around the site that became the Bull Ring. The river basin is the most urbanised basin in the United Kingdom, with approximately 42% of the basin being urbanised. The damage done to the city's infrastructure, in addition to a deliberate policy of demolition and new building by planners, led to extensive urban regeneration in subsequent decades. The central focus of Birmingham is Victoria Square, with the classical Town Hall (1834), the Renaissance-style Council House (1874–81), and the City of Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, which is noted for its Pre-Raphaelite paintings and its English watercolours. [27] Surrounding settlements with names ending in -tūn (farm), -lēah (woodland clearing), -worð (enclosure) and -field (open ground) are likely to be secondary settlements created by the later expansion of the Anglo-Saxon population,[28] in some cases possibly on earlier British sites. Two-fifths of Birmingham's population live in areas classified as in the 10% most deprived parts of England, and overall Birmingham is the most deprived local authority in England in terms of income and employment deprivation. There are numerous rivers that pass through the county, including the River Tame. The Orchestra of the Swan is the resident chamber orchestra at Birmingham Town Hall,[180] where weekly recitals have also been given by the City Organist since 1834.[181]. Birmingham was known for its manufacture of small arms, whereas Wolverhampton became a centre of lock manufacture and brass working. [277], There is currently no underground system in Birmingham; it is the largest city in Europe not to have one. The author J. R. R. Tolkien was brought up in the Kings Heath area of Birmingham. It is the second-largest city, urban area and metropolitan area in England and the United Kingdom,[b] with roughly 1.1 million inhabitants within the city area, 2.9 million inhabitants within the urban area and 4.3 million inhabitants within the metropolitan area and lies within the most populated English district. [262], Birmingham Airport, located 6 miles (9.7 km) east of the city centre in the neighbouring borough of Solihull, is the seventh busiest airport by passenger traffic in the UK and the third busiest outside the London area, after Manchester and Edinburgh. Females represented 51.6% of the population whilst men represented 48.4%. [183] It was "a seething cauldron of musical activity", and the international success of groups such as The Move, The Spencer Davis Group, The Moody Blues, Traffic and the Electric Light Orchestra had a collective influence that stretched into the 1970s and beyond. The West Midlands Passenger Transport Authority was established in 1968. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972, formed from parts of Staffordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire.

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