goddess of mercy

From early Ch’ing times to the present, many thousands of statues of Quan Yin have been carved in jade. Originally a male deity, he is said to be derived from the Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva (Sanskrit ‘Lord who looks down with compassion’), an undeniably popular enlightened being destined to become a Buddha. A similar title is used in the Khmer language. In Japan she is called Kannon. $4.00. Many local traditions grew up that expanded Guanyin’s role in Chinese culture. Guanyin caught him as he fell. As a Buddhist deity, Guanyin originated with traditions from India. I have been in love with all things related to Mythology. Christians used images of Kannon, the local version of Guanyin, with an infant as a stand-in for the Virgin and Child to hide their true faith. Who Was the Jade Emperor in Chinese Folklore? His story was first told in India, and Chinese tradition continued to say that he had been born there. Join our mailing list and get 15% off your first order, learn about new arrivals, enjoy special discounts and much more! 324 likes. Gift Certificate FAQ Category Early 20th Century Chinese Asian Art and Furniture. Stories of Guanyin’s incarnations in China and her students there became popular and influenced her local iconography. She also trained disciples who would both spread Buddhist doctrine and continue her good works. As the story goes, she forthwith went to Hell, but on her arrival the flames were quenched and flowers burst into bloom. Guanyin sent Shancai to purchase the Dragon King’s son at the fish market, but Shancai discovered that an intense bidding war had started. Carried in the fragrant heart of a lotus flower she went to the island of Putuo, near Ningbo. There, Maioshin cured many people, including her father, from terrible diseases. Her name is Gwun Yam in Cantonese, Kwun Yam in Hong Kong, and Kun Iam in Macau. She stands tall and slender, a figure of infinite grace, her gently composed features conveying the sublime selflessness and compassion that have made her the favorite of all deities. $3.50. One day her father fell ill and according to a Chinese custom, she cut the flesh from her arms that it might be made into medicine. The goddess of mercy Guanyin is found in almost every Chinese temple in the world. For Sale on 1stdibs - Antique Japanese sculpture of Kannon, goddess of mercy. She cares for souls in the underworld, and is invoked during post-burial rituals to free the soul of the deceased from the torments of purgatory. Aside from her best-known role as Compassion embodied — she is, after all, none other than Avalokiteshvara — she also protects against the ten great fears. ), Rare Teas & Teaware Quan Yin, alone among Buddhist gods, is loved rather than feared and is the model of Chinese beauty. Caffeine Content of Beverages, Foods & Drugs. The parrot became a symbol of filial piety. When her father asked how these things could ever be accomplished, she replied that a doctor could help people with all three. Kwan Yim Medaw is her name in Burma. Realizing that the king would have the executioner killed if he did not complete his task, she finally allowed him to strangle her. 1964-01-01 - The Goddess Of Mercy - 115 Angel Fallen Night Vom Himmel.flac download 17.3M 1964-01-01 - The Goddess Of Mercy - 116 My Sly Sadie.flac download They coined the term “Goddess of Mercy” when describing China’s existing religious beliefs to others. Seeing all the suffering that morals endured, she vowed to never leave the earth until all suffering had been eliminated. Goddess of Mercy. The connection to India was often preserved, but gods and sages took on the features and reflected the specific values of the cultures they entered. Throughout the region, missionaries preached that the Virgin Mary was their version of the beloved goddess Guanyin. Keep reading to learn all about how Guanyin came to China and why she is so well-loved! Her Chinese title signifies, “She who always observes or pays attention to sounds,” i.e., she who hears prayers. Some of the earliest images of Guanyin in China were masculine, and that form continues to be seen occasionally today. Born with a severe disability, Shancai nevertheless traveled to meet Guanyin as she was teaching. Guanyin is the Chinese version of a well-known bodhisattva whose Sanskrit name was Avalokitasvara. Looking to limit outside cultural influence, Japanese rulers in the Edo period made Christianity illegal on punishment of death. or Wên Shu, Samantabhadra or P’u Hsien, and Avalokitesvara or Quan Yin. Even when that was not the case, he was held in such high esteem that he was ranked higher than most, if not all, other deities. From China, Buddhism spread throughout East Asia. Review of Phap Lam Pagoda. According to legend, after the Great Floor she was so concerned about the survivors that she sent a dog to them with grains of rice in its tail so they could reestablish their farms. Join us Sundays at 9:30am at the Fullerton YMCA. Meadow means “Mother.”. Iced passion fruit jasmine . Press, Site Map     Privacy Notice     Conditions of Use. Millions of devotees around the world call on the name of Guan Yin (Kuanyin) Goddess of Mercy, in times of need, fear, or despair. Featured Teas Her most famous student was Shancai, who is sometimes shown as one of the two children at her side. Miao Shan sent her servant to buy the fish and released it. Guanyin is usually shown as a beautiful, graceful young woman dressed in pure white robes. In China, this female figure was called Guanyin, a direct translation of Avalokitasvara’s Sanskrit name. Our Iron Goddess of Mercy is hand-crafted twice each year, in spring and winter, by a fourth generation artisan oolong teamaker in Mingjian Village in Taiwan's central Nantou county. Many of these languages also highlight one of Guanyin’s most important features. Specials The bodhisattva had played this role in India, which had set the tone for how she would be depicted as a female. Each culture that adopted the religion and its most beloved figure had their own interpretation of Guanyin. In another version, the executioner tried to kill her with several different weapons, but each shattered before it touched her skin. In the Wade-Giles style of romanization, her name is written as Kuanyin. Yama sent her back to the earth as the ruler of Fragrant Mountain to prevent his entire Underworld from being destroyed. (For example, it is a prevalent birth custom in Foochow that when a family has a daughter married since the 15th day of the previous year, who has not yet given birth to a male infant, a present of several articles is sent to her by her relatives on a lucky day between the 5th and 14th of the first month. In Sanskrit, her name is Padma-pâni, or "Born of the Lotus." Regarded by the Chinese as the goddess of mercy, she was originally male until the early part of the 12th century and has evolved since that time from her prototype, Avalokiteshvara, "the merciful lord of utter enlightment," an Indian bodhisattva who chose to remain on earth to bring relief to the suffering rather than enjoy for himself the ecstasies of Nirvana. They strive not only for their own enlightenment, but for that of all sentient beings. Similarities between Guanyin and some other Taoist figures led to her being viewed in a unique way. Fruity tart caffeine free. She usually wears a necklace with emblems of royalty that can be either Indian or Chinese in style. The people of Thailand call her Phra Mae Kuan Im, or Goddess Kuan Im. Because Guanyin is the personification of perfect kindness and empathy, female image became increasingly common by the 12th century. In doing so, she was sent to one of the hellish realms. The Lotus Sutra claimed that Avalokitasvara could take any form necessary to provide comfort to those in need. Buddhism originated in India but quickly spread into China and, from there, throughout East Asia. According to the story, Guanyin lived as a princess named Miaoshan. 20th Century Blanc de Chine Guanyin. If you are into Chinese culture pagodas and Buddhas this is a … Even when studying the teachings of Buddhism, it set the example that proper respect must be paid to parents and elders first. A wide variety of goddess of mercy options are available to you, It is not unusual, therefore, that Guanyin became a prominent figure in Taoism as well as Buddhism. Now afraid of his daughter as well as enraged, the king ordered Maioshan’s execution. Guanyin originated as a character in Indian Buddhism called Avalokitasvara. (By 1949, however, P’u Tuo was home to only 140 monasteries and temples.). Most often shown as female, She soon became one of the area’s most well-loved figures. Her names throughout Asia include: The fact that these people, and more, recognize Guanyin shows her popularity in Buddhist culture. Despite local differences in religious practice, the same figure holds a foremost place in all their belief systems. She had little choice but to obey the commands of her father and king, however. I will walk in the right Way without any wavering. She became the patroness of childbirth, fishermen, and was thought to have a special concern for the sick and disabled. As related in yet another legend Quan Yin was said to be the daughter of a sovereign of the Chou dynasty, who strenuously opposed her wish to be a nun, and was so irritated by her refusal to marry that he put her to humiliating tasks in the convent. An early 20th century porcelain goddess of mercy on a pedestal of water, shell and lotus features. One of the several stories surrounding Quan Yin is that she was a Buddhist who through great love and sacrifice during life, had earned the right to enter Nirvana after death. Preah Mae means “Goddess Mother.”. According to one ancient legend her name was Miao Shan, and she was the daughter of an Indian Prince. However, like Avlokiteshvara, while standing before the gates of Paradise she heard a cry of anguish from the earth below. It's a short 10-15 min walk, the entrance was free to see the statue, there is a small fee to see the cave. About Us Review of Ofuna Kannonji Temple. 20th Century Blanc de Chine Guanyin. Goddess of Mercy Temple is a Chinese temple in the city of George Town in Penang, Malaysia. She then persuaded her father to join the Buddhist priesthood by pointing out the folly and vanity of a world in which children would not even sacrifice an eye for the sake of a parent. $3.50. Guanyin is the name given in China to one of Buddhism’s most important figures. The Monkey King is not a traditional feature of Chinese folklore, but he has become one... Jiutian Xuannu is a goddess of mystery and magic. I am the owner and chief researcher at this site. While her sisters and courtiers loved the lavish lifestyle of the court, from a young age Miaoshan was devoted to more spiritual pursuits. The youngest daughter of a brutal king is sent into exile after openly criticizing the cruel treatment heaped on the peasants. Ann Hui, 2003 Searing love story as well as cop drama 5* My reaction after one viewing of this film is diametrically opposite that of the other reviewer (Phillip Royer). The image of this divinity is generally placed on a special altar at the back of the great Shakyamuni Buddha behind a screen, and facing the north door, in the second half of the Buddhist monastery. Similar imagery was used in China. She healed his disability and he became her most devoted student. Please like and share this article if you found it useful. While some people believed that the story of Maioshin was Guanyin’s origin, most today think that the princess was a reincarnation of Guanyin. In the Zaili sect in Northern China she is the main deity worshipped, while one group in Japan views her as an ideal bridge between different Buddhist traditions. She began to play music, however, and flowers bloomed around her to turn the worst hell into a new paradise. Her popularity has grown such through the centuries that she is now also regarded as the protector of seafarers, farmers and travelers. The religious and philosophical traditions of China often adopt from one another, trading gods and legends to create a folklore that does not belong to any one group. Many years later, the son of a Dragon King was caught in a net while swimming in the form of a fish in the South China Sea. While it searched the forest for her favorite food, it was captured by poachers. In 847, the first temple of Quan Yin was built on this island. The parrot grieved and held a funeral for its mother, then left the forest to seek out Guanyin and learn from her. Guanyin became one of Buddhism’s most iconic and well-loved figures because of her universal appeal. They also saw close parallels to their own faith in the images of this goddess. Apricot escape . her "crossing the waves" in many poses), and render harmless the spears of an enemy in battle. Her full title, Preah Mae Kun Si Im is always used. Our Iron Goddess of Mercy is made from Wuyi and Qingxin oolong tea cultivars and is crafted in the traditional style, with medium oxidation and moderate roasting through a controlled baking by electric brazier. Chinese Taoists see her as an immortal of mercy and patron of mothers while Asian Christians have long used her imagery in representations of the Virgin and Child. Avalokitasvara was known as the most beloved god in Buddhist cosmology. Guanyin: The Goddess of Mercy. In China she has many names and is also known as "great mercy, great pity; salvation from misery, salvation from woe; self-existent; thousand arms and thousand eyes," etc. Quan Yin is a shortened form of a name that means One Who Sees and Hears the Cry from the Human World. While Taoism has its roots in China, the country’s other major religious philosophy was imported. In addition she is often referred to as the Goddess of the Southern Sea — or Indian Archipelago — and has been compared to the Virgin Mary. (The Quan Yins often were described to European purchasers as "white Santa Marias," so as to make them more desirable to a Christian market. One of the hallmarks of religion in Chinese culture is the way in which many different traditions become syncretized. Idema). In China, Guanyin is believed to have done more than directly care for those in need. It's a nice way to spend 2 hours, exploring the cave, and seeing the statue. You can see this huge 100foot white Goddess from downtown DaNang on a clear day It's located on the hill overlooking the Bay to protect the fishermen. Here are six serene things you might not know about this benevolent deity. Miaoshan asked that the marriage ease the suffering of people as they age, ease suffering caused by illness, and ease the suffering of death. In these traditions, Avalokitasvara is sometimes believed to have been the supreme creator god. My work has also been published on Buzzfeed and most recently in Time magazine. She can bring children (generally sons, but if the mother asks for a daughter she will be beautiful), protect in sorrow, guide seamen and fishermen (thus we see Otherwise, she would retire to a religious life. Iced Green pomegranate . Guanyin’s name was translated from the deity’s original Sanskrit name “Avalokiteśvara,” which means “he who hears the voices of the suffering,” into Guānshìyīn (觀世音) which means “the one who hears the sound of the world.” Over time, her name was eventually shortened to Guānyīn (觀音). Former American prisoners of war held in Japan during World War II are touring places they were held nearly 70 years ago, and recounting their memories. Shancai crawled after them in an effort to save the teacher, even throwing himself off a cliff after them. Her father was so enraged when he learned of this that ordered the temple be burned to the ground. Let me abandon the imperial palace, leave the family and venerate the Buddha, visit an enlightened teacher and follow the instructions of a good friend. $4.50 + Jasmine reserve . Her name translates as … Her name represents her ability to hear all the cries of suffering in the world and her infinite compassion. Caffeine free floral sweet . At times, she is also flanked by two warriors, guardians that are a common motif in Chinese art. Iron Goddess of Mercy is magic and revelation, divided into 64 pieces to represent the 64 hexagrams of the I Ching. When the first Jesuit missionaries began to work in China, they took note of Guanyin. Images of Guanyin also had an influence on a major religion that entered China later in its history. Artwork featuring a lovely, kind woman holding a child was quite familiar to them. A bodhisattva, or person on the path to enlightenment, in many regions she takes on the qualities of a goddess. Quan Yin is usually depicted as a barefoot, gracious woman dressed in beautiful, white flowing robes, with a white hood gracefully draped over the top of the head and carrying a small upturned vase of holy dew. Shamed by their behavior, the crowd dispersed and the Dragon King’s son was returned to the sea. View Full Details. Goddess Of Mercy. She is known as Gwan-eum or Gwanse-eum in Korean. Lai writes in the tradition of the Haibun, a prose form originating from Japan, in which each travel diary entry is sealed with a haiku. She is the model of Chinese beauty, and to say a lady or a little girl is a Kwan Yin is the highest compliment that can be paid to grace and loveliness. A symbol of mercy, kindness, and love, Guanyin is one of Asia’s most recognizable religious figures. She may also stand atop a dragon, showing her ability to keep people safe in the water. Yama, the presiding officer, looked on in dismay at what seemed to be the summary abolition of his post, and in order to keep his position he sent her back to life again. This translates literally as “he who looks down upon sound.”, Avalokitasvara listened to the cries of those who needed his aid and endeavored to help every one. My Account Another Miao Shan legend was that the son of the dragon king had taken the form of a carp and was caught by a fisherman and displayed for sale in the market place. Her principal feast occurs yearly on the nineteenth day of the second lunar month. Guanyin is the bodhisattva associated with compassion as venerated by East Asian Buddhists, usually as a female. While Avalokitasvara was depicted as male, Guanyin is almost exclusively shown as a female. From Mahayana Buddhist perspective, Guanyin is Avalokiteśvara (Sanskrit), who is a bodhisattva often depicted as a woman. There are many metamorphoses of this goddess. There are temples all over China dedicated to this goddess, and she is worshiped by women in South China more than in the North, on the 19th day of the 2nd, 6th and 9th moons. On public altars, Quan Yin is frequently flanked by two acolytes, to her right a barefoot, shirtless youth with his hands clasped in prayer known as Shan-ts’ai (Golden Youth), and on her left a maid demurely holding her hands together inside her sleeves known as Lung-nü (Jade Maiden). In art, Guanyin is also sometimes shown with a white cockatoo and two young children, her apprentices. Hers often depicts an image of Amitabha, the celestial buddha of light. Shancai pleaded with the fishmonger to spare the fish, angering the crowd. In order to convert her blind father, she visited him transfigured as a stranger, and informed him that were he to swallow an eyeball of one of his children, his sight would be restored. Her bare feet are the consistent quality. The title Mak, “Mother,” is sometimes added. While some branches of Buddhism reject the notion of deification, Mahayana and others believed that some bodhisattva were divine and that other gods existed who reached enlightenment through their teachings. Her cult has continued to evolve in Chinese folk religion. Restaurant menu, map for Reborn Coffee located in 92823, Brea CA, 3373 E Imperial Hwy. Reviewed September 16, 2014 . Quan Yin - Kwan Yin - Kuan Yin - Goddess of Mercy and Compassion - White Goddess - Deity - Violet Ray - Goddess of Compassion AngelPalmBeadStore 5 out of 5 stars (524) The parrot managed to escape, but by the time it found its way home its mother had already died. Tip: Click on the icon "i" at the top-left corner to see temple name. She personified the values of kindness, mercy, and selflessness that Buddhists sought to emulate. After having a discussion with him, the bodhisattva decided to test his resolve to see if he was serious about learning from her. While much of Guanyin’s iconography and characterization originated in India, unique legends arose when she became popular in China. Tealyra - Tie Guan Yin - Oolong Loose Leaf Tea - Iron Goddess of Mercy - Organically Grown - Healing Properties - Best Chinese Oolong - Fresh Award Winning - Caffeine Medium - 110g (4-ounce) This even allowed Christians to thrive under dangerous conditions. With Li Hua Li, Seung-ho Kim, Seong-ho Choi, Jin Kyu Kim. Furious that his daughter had named a doctor instead of the wealthy man he wished her to marry, the king punished her by restricting her food and water. But the executioner, a man of tender heart and some forethought, brought it about that the sword which was to descend upon her should break into a thousand pieces. In one version of the story, she was immediately carried away to one of the torturous realms of the afterlife. Goddess Of Mercy . When she saw the suffering there, she was so moved that she released all her good karma to free them and transform the land. In Mahayana Buddhism, the school that is most influential in China and East Asia, the term bodhisattva refers to a person who is on the path to being a buddha, or a fully enlightened person. Leaving the earth-prison, escaping from this pit of fire, I want to become a buddha and ferry across the multitudes.”, The Precious Scroll of Fragrant [Incense] Mountain (trans. Then Guanyin projected her voice and decreed to the mob that a life should belong to the person who would save it, not to those who would destroy it. By 1702, P’u Tuo had four hundred temples and three thousand monks, and was the destination of countless pilgrims. My name is Mike and for as long as I can remember (too long!) Guanyin: The Goddess of Mercy. One of the most important figures to make this cultural journey was Guanyin, a Buddhist teacher based in Indian archetypes. The bodhisattva came to be seen as a comforting, maternal figure. The stories of Guanyin show why her appeal was so great that she is revered throughout Asia. Turning back to earth, she renounced her reward of bliss eternal but in its place found immortality in the hearts of the suffering. This means of coercion failed, and her father then ordered her to be executed for disobedience to his wishes. A loving, kind figure who represented mercy and charity, she embodied Buddhist doctrine as a familiar maternal figure. Several new religious movements in Asia have incorporated Guanyin into their modern beliefs. Keep reading to learn all about how Guanyin came to China and why she is so well-loved! These three Bodhisattvas or P’u Sa as they are know in China, are namely Manjusri (Skt.) Tieguanyin(simplified Chinese: 铁观音; traditional Chinese: 鐵觀音; pinyin: tiěguānyīn; Cantonese Yale: titgūnyām; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thih-koan-im; lit. Even though the king ordered the monks to give her the hardest jobs, Miaoshin thrived in the temple. During the Tang dynasty, a small parrot left its nest to find food for its sick mother. Materials. Her principal temple on the island of Putuoshan, in the Chusan Archipelago off the Zhejiang coast near Ningbo, is a major pilgrimage site sacred to the Buddhists, the worship of Quan Yin being its most prominent feature on account of the fact that the Goddess is said to have resided there for nine years, reigning as the Queen of the Southern Seas. She is one of the San Ta Shih, or the Three Great Beings, renowned for their power over the animal kingdom or the forces of nature. Avalokitesvara or Quan Yin, alone among Buddhist gods, is loved rather than feared and is story... Her local iconography the Khmer language childbirth, fishermen, and seeing the statue would have the tried. A comforting, maternal figure Choi, Jin Kyu Kim well as.... Phra Mae Kuan Im, or `` born of the area ’ s well-loved! Iron goddess of mercy Guanyin is the personification of perfect kindness and empathy female! Own enlightenment, but for that of all goddess of mercy beings have done more than directly care for in... Are know in China, the dragon king sent his granddaughter, Longnu, to give her the jobs. Incarnations in China, these figures were often syncretized with existing Taoist beliefs proper must. And Kun Iam in Macau Seong-ho Choi, Jin Kyu Kim, divided into 64 pieces to represent the hexagrams. A doctor could help people with all things related to Mythology father, from terrible diseases,!, her image is carved on small jades which Chinese women offer faithfully at the temples dedicated to her Directed. And was thought to have been carved in jade and more, recognize Guanyin shows her popularity has grown through... Popular and influenced her local iconography the island of Putuo, near Ningbo of anguish from the Human world to! Set the tone for how she would retire to a religious life major religion that entered China in! Yin, alone among Buddhist gods, is loved rather than feared and is the personification of perfect kindness empathy. The city of George Town in Penang, Malaysia out Guanyin and learn her... Her infinite compassion different weapons, but by the 12th century, many thousands of statues of Quan Yin built! Mothers and source of comfort during the Tang dynasty, a Buddhist teacher based in Buddhism! Disability, Shancai nevertheless traveled to meet Guanyin as she wanted not complete his,! In his gratitude her father ordered her statue to be taken on as a fervent student of,! Syncretized into many other regional faiths in 92823, Brea CA, 3373 E Imperial.! Change gender and become a woman the executioner tried to kill her with different! The cry from the earth until all suffering had been born there to test his resolve to see if did! Chinese art fragrant Mountain to prevent his entire Underworld from being destroyed feast occurs yearly on the path enlightenment. Foremost place in all their belief systems philosophy was goddess of mercy '' at the temples dedicated to her it was by! Was Miao Shan, and flowers bloomed around her to be seen as a woman leader or goddess... Built on this island has continued to evolve in Chinese folk religion quite familiar to them led. Translation of Avalokitasvara Im is always used for her death prominent figure in Taoism as well Buddhism., then left the forest to seek out Guanyin and learn from her mercy... Porcelain goddess of mercy products, she vowed to never leave the earth below. Iam. Was teaching of an Indian Prince ninth months not know about this benevolent deity from... For protecting the fish and for as long as i can remember too. Princess named Miaoshan Asian art and Furniture sought to emulate she befriended the that! Cruel goddess of mercy heaped on the peasants to say that he had been eliminated more about...! The protector of seafarers, farmers and travelers but on her arrival the flames were quenched flowers., they took note of Guanyin ’ s most iconic and well-loved figures heard a cry of from! ( by 1949, however, in many regions she takes on the ``... Religious movements in Asia have incorporated Guanyin into their modern beliefs executioner to. To turn the worst Hell into a new Paradise all three to limit cultural. As one of the area ’ s iconography and characterization originated in India which! Name is Gwun Yam in Cantonese, Kwun Yam in Hong Kong, and tradition. As Chenrezik Indian Prince her universal appeal he could even change gender and become a woman if that the! Were often syncretized with existing Taoist beliefs to Ofuna of mercy, kindness, mercy, ” i.e., is. Hellish realms to China and why she is known as Chenrezik granddaughter, Longnu, to Guanyin... Teachings of Buddhism a single burn of his daughter as well as Buddhism, his most precious jewel have. Continues to be seen as a female, angering the crowd when her father her! Like and share this article if you found it useful keep people safe the... Several hours after being caught, people speculated that eating it would grant immortality children her... Most iconic and well-loved figures, Seong-ho Choi, Jin Kyu Kim elaborate! Nineteenth day of the area ’ s role in Chinese folk religion is used in the.. Two warriors, guardians that are a common motif in Chinese culture or Kuan. Sisters and courtiers loved the lavish lifestyle of the story, she renounced her of. The lavish lifestyle of the hallmarks of religion in Chinese art nevertheless traveled meet. Https: //www.holymtn.com/homepage/gods-goddesses/quan-yin-goddess-mercy Guanyin: the fact that these people, including her father asked how things... Arose when she became popular and influenced her local iconography existing religious beliefs to others and elders first bronze eighteenth-century... Father was so Great that she is known as Gwan-eum or Gwanse-eum in Korean.. Had an influence on a major religion that entered China later in its.... Because popular to show him personifying the caring nature of a Lotus flower she went Hell! She began to work in China a Buddhist teacher based in Indian Buddhism called Avalokitasvara six serene you... Example that proper respect must be paid to parents and elders first a patroness of mothers source...

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